A autoimagem e a autoestima das pessoas com transtornos de pele: uma revisão integrativa da literatura baseada no modelo de Callista Roy / La autoimagen y la autoestima de las personas con trastornos de piel: una revisión integradora de la literatura basada en el modelo de Callista Roy / Self-Image and Self-Esteem in Persons with Skin Disorders: An Integrative Literature Review Based Callista Roy's Model

Objetivo: conhecer a relação entre os transtornos da pele e a alteração do autoconceito nas pessoas com afecção cutânea. Método: revisão integrativa da literatura a partir dos descritores: lesões, dermatologia e autoimagem. A busca se fez nas bases Lilacs, SciELO e PubMed, em artigos publicados entre 2000 e 2012. Resultados: a revisão integrativa mostrou os principais efeitos psicológicos causados pelas doenças da pele e confirmou que os fatores psicossociais relacionados com a autoimagem e a autoestima afetam a vida das pessoas. Conclusão: os transtornos da pele podem levar o indivíduo a buscar estratégias que vão desde o isolamento do corpo e o isolamento social, a negação da doença até o uso de maquiagem de camuflagem, como aparecem nas publicações. A escassez de estudos publicados que mostrem as estratégias a adotar pelos enfermeiros para lidar com os efeitos psicológicos causados pela doença cutânea evidenciam a necessidade de se pesquisar sobre o tema.

Objetivo: conocer la relación entre los trastornos de la piel y la alteración del autoconcepto en las personas con afección cutánea. Método: revisión integradora de la literatura desde los descriptores: lesiones, dermatología, y autoimagen. La búsqueda se hizo en las bases Lilacs, SciELO y PubMed, en artículos publicados entre el año 2000 y 2012. Resultados: La revisión integradora mostró los principales efectos psicológicos causados por las enfermedades de la piel y confirmó que los factores psicosociales relacionados con la autoimagen y la autoestima afectan la vida de las personas. Conclusión: los trastornos de la piel pueden llevar al individuo a buscar estrategias que van desde el aislamiento del cuerpo y el aislamiento social, la negación de la enfermedad y hasta el uso de maquillaje de camuflaje, como muestran las publicaciones. La escasez de estudios publicados que muestran las estrategias a adoptar por los enfermeros para lidiar con los efectos psicológicos causados por la enfermedad cutánea evidencia la necesidad de investigar sobre el tema.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to understand the relationship between skin disorders and alteration of self-image in persons who suffer from skin problems. Method: An integrative literature review was done on the basis of three descriptors: lesions, dermatology, and self-image. The search centered on the Lilacs, SciELO and PubMed databases, among articles published between 2000 and 2012. Findings: The integrative review showed the major psychological effects caused by skin disorders and confirmed that psycho-social factors related to self-image and self-esteem impact a person's life. Conclusion: Skin disorders can prompt a person to resort to a variety of strategies ranging from physical seclusion and social isolation to denial of the aliment and even the use of camouflage makeup, as shown in publications. The scarcity of published studies showing the strategies adopted by nurses to deal with the psychological effects of skin disease demonstrate the need for research on the topic.

[Proposal for recognition of the comfort pattern in clients with pemphigus vulgaris using Fuzzy Logic]. / Proposta de reconhecimento de padrão de conforto em clientes com pênfigo vulgar utilizando a Lógica Fuzzy.

The objective was to propose the use of Fuzzy Logic for recognition of comfort patterns in people undergoing a technology of nursing care because of pemphigus vulgaris, a rare mucocutaneous disease that affects mainly adults. The proposal applied experimental methods, with subjects undergoing a qualitative-quantitative comparison (taxonomy/relevance) of the comfort patterns before and after the intervention. A record of a chromatic scale corresponding to the intensity of each attribute was required: pain, mobility and impaired self-image. The Fuzzy rules established by an inference engine set the standard for comfort in maximum, median and minimum discomfort, reflecting the effectiveness of nursing care. Although rarely used in the area of nursing, this logic enabled viable research without a priori scaling of the number of subjects depending on the estimation of population parameters. It is expected to evaluate the pattern of comfort in the client with pemphigus, before the applied technology, in a personalized way, leading to a comprehensive evaluation.

[Needs of nursing guidance for self-care of clients on hemodialysis therapy]. / Necessidades de orientação de enfermagem para o autocuidado de clientes em terapia de hemodiálise.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the needs of nursing guidance for the self-care of the clients on hemodialysis. METHOD: Descriptive-exploratory research whose data were collected by means of individual interviews with clients who were on hemodialysis therapy, using the Orem conceptions. RESULTS: 43 clients were included in self-care system totally compensatory for the needs of guidance: nutritional therapy, fluid intake, hemodialysis complications, anticoagulation physical activity, emotional problems has been the group membership and leisure activities. CONCLUSION: In managing hemodialysis sessions, the nurse is fundamental in the orientation of the clients and family. Her support to the patient in the administration of treatment contributes to acquire the competences and ability in self-care actions and thereby promote their quality of life.

[Philosophical and theoretical basis for new conceptions of nursing care: contribution of the social poetic]. / Fundamentos filosóficos e teóricos para novas concepções do cuidar em enfermagem: contribuição da sociopoética.

This work identifies the application of the philosophical and theoretical basis of the social poetic in new conceptions of nursing care. Systematic review of 30 research works. Delimited categories: Dialogue in taking care of as technological instrument; To take care of in nursing as not invasive technology. In the new conceptions of to take care the client is considered the main target of the work in health. It was concluded that the social poetic basis were applied disclosing a perspective on the ethics of to take care, translated into respect with the clients and your knowledge for the self care, leads to the autonomy and solidarity between clients and professionals. The social poetic, as research method and social practice, discloses orienting aspects of a new perspective to be developed in nursing take care of.

[Personal and professional nuances of nurses who perform administration functions in the university hospital]. / Caracteristicas pessoais e profissionais de enfermeiros com funções administrativas atuantes em um Hospital Universitário.

Considering the particular nuances of the nurses who exert management function, the following problem was delimited: what is the profile of the nurse leader in a management role? The objective of the study was to delineate the profile of the nurse in a management position according to personal and professional characteristics. The research was performed in 2007, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, using the descriptive method, applying a questionnaire to 66 nurses in managerial positions. The predominant age group was 44 to 48 years, in a stable relationship and having one child. Most participants (89.39%) have two public jobs, graduated from 21 to 25 years ago (39.39%), have theoretical preparation for leadership (80.39%), and have postgraduate diplomas either lato sensu (36.36%) or stricto sensu (36.06%). In conclusion, nurses in leadership roles have, predominantly, specialization in clinical areas and leadership is essential for the care process. Future studies should correlate their profile to managerial styles and to leadership dimensions.

[A social poetic of the self-care: nursing students behavior aiming the promotion of health]. / Uma sociopoética do autocuidado: comportamento de estudantes de enfermagem visando a promoção da saúde.

Based on the principle that the undergraduating nursing students are future professionals of caregiving, this study aims at analyzing their understanding in relation to the care with themselves, as well as at identifying the care that they have or would like to have with their own body. To promote an effective participation of the eleven subjects, this study was based on the social and poetic method, making a research-team. Considering the self-care from the Body Dynamics as Minimum Territory, the nursing students showed analytics categories as: The self-care conscience; The wish for caregiving to spiritual, intellectual and physical body, which in the classificatory study was named "Disregard versus wish for self-care". Thus, we think that it is fundamental for nursing professionals, as well as for nursing students, to consider the self-care thematic, since the engagement with their own health is essential for the well-being and best quality of life.

[Applying Collière's theoretical-philosophical ideas to consider new care technologies in obstetric nursing]. / Aplicando concepções teórico-filosóficas de Collière para conceituar novas tecnologias do cuidar em enfermagem obstétrica.

Approaching nursing from the perspective of a feminine practice, this article aimed at identifying the possibility to apply Collière's ideas on obstetric nursing care, relating them to the nurse's background. A descriptive method and the technique of content analysis was used to analyze scientific communications, focusing on social, theoretical-philosophical, political, and ideological aspects related to women's health, care technologies and human care in obstetric nursing. Results indicated the following analytical categories: nursing as profession; practice of care: from women to nurses; care provided by women: a sacred or challenged survival practice; identification of care practices with the nurse as an emancipated, citizen, and autonomous woman. We concluded that nurses working in obstetrics need to reconstruct their professional, individual, and social role. We suggest a reflexive critic on the appropriateness and validity of care technological innovations to provide quality women health care.

[Applying recommendations of the Braden's scale and preventing pressure ulcers--evidences for nursing care]. / Aplicando recomendações da Escala de Braden e prevenindo úlceras por pressão--evidências do cuidar em enfermagem.

The occurence risk of pressure ulcer (PU) by the patient is questioned as well as the validity of nursing care applying the Braden's scale to verify the evidences of this care in the incidence of the PU. The method of biophysiologic measures in ICU patients was used. It was found 11 patients with PU, in a 26.83% incidence. The majority (57.1%) of ulcer was in stage I. Patients with PU have lower scores than the ones without PU, showing sensitivity to predict the PU risk. It was concluded that: the evidence of nursing care was demonstrated by the density of 47.12% for the patients without PU, the incidence of PU was lower than rates of other UCUs; preventive nursing care reduces the PU.

[Caring for the elderly with dementia: a study of ambulatory nursing practice]. / Cuidando de idosos com demência: um estudo a partir da prática ambulatorial de enfermagem.

The care provided by caregivers to elderly people with dementia is investigated having as objectives: to describe the characteristics of sixteen elderly and their caregivers in attendence at the neurogeriatrical ambulatory of Rio de Janeiro during 2004; to identify nursing and care diagnosis used by caregivers, through EDG, MEEM, AIVDs and AVDs applied in nursing assessments. The quantitative descriptive method was employed, as a study of each case, obtaining the results: in the client- Disorientation, aggressiveness, skin drought, urinary incontinence, disturbance in the family relationship; In the caregivers- inefficient caregiver/elderly communication, physical fatigue, lack of knowledge about care; accomplished types of care--feeding, medication and hygiene. In conclusion, educational nursing actions are necessary to improve the care quality to the elderly and their family.